Scientific Program

Conference Series Ltd invites all the participants across the globe to attend 6th World Congress on Control and Prevention of HIV/AIDS, STDs & STIs Hilton Zurich Airport, Zurich, Switzerland.

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Scientific Program Day 1
Scientific Program Day 2

Day 2 :

Keynote Forum

Qingzhong Kong

Case Western Reserve University
USA

Keynote: Public health risks of animal prions
Conference Series STD-HIV AIDS 2018 International Conference Keynote Speaker Qingzhong Kong photo
Biography:

Qingzhong Kong has completed his PhD at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst and postdoctoral studies at Yale University. He is currently an Associate Professor of Pathology, Neurology and Regenerative Medicine, Associate Director, National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine. He has published over 50 original research papers in reputable journals (including Science Translational Medicine, Journal of Clinical Investigations, PNAS, Cell Reports, and Plant Cells) and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member on multiple scientific journals.

Abstract:

Prion diseases are a family of fatal transmissible neurodegenerative diseases that require the cellular prion protein for both prion agent replication and prion pathogenesis. Prions affect humans and many mammals. Common prion diseases include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE or mad cow disease) in cattle, scrapie in sheep and goats and chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids (mule deer, white-tailed deer, American elk, moose, and reindeer). Huge efforts have been undertaken in many laboratories around the world to understand the public health risks posed by prions from animals ever since BSE was found in 1990’s to cause variant CJD (vCJD) in humans. A lot of progress has been made but many questions remain. The existence of multiple prion strains in one animal species and the discovery that these prion strains may have different zoonotic potentials add to the challenges. The author will attempt to summarize the history and the current understanding on prion zoonosis with an emphasis on BSE and CWD.

Keynote Forum

Hiroshi Ohrui

Yokohama University of Pharmacy
Japan

Keynote: EFdA: A very excellent anti-HIV modified nucleosides - from design to the current results of clinical trials

Time : 10:45-11:35

Conference Series STD-HIV AIDS 2018 International Conference Keynote Speaker Hiroshi Ohrui photo
Biography:

Hiroshi Ohrui received PhD Degree (1971) from The University of Tokyo. He joined Riken (1966), moved  to Tohoku University (1981) and to Yokohama University of Pharmacy (2006). He worked for Dr. J. J. Fox at Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research (1972-1973) and  Dr. J. G. Moffatt at Syntex Research (1973-1974). He received several awards including The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry Award (2004), and Japan Academy Prize (2010). His research interests cover organic synthesis, chemical  biology and chiral discrimination.

Abstract:

4’-C-Ethynyl-2-fluoro-2’-deoxyadenosine (EFdA) is attracting much attention due to  its extremely excellent anti-HIV activity and  physiological properties.  EFdA  prevents the emergence of resistant HIV mutants,  is over 400 times more active than AZT and several orders of magnitude more active than  the other clinical reverse-transcriptase inhibitor y 2’, 3’-dideoxynucleoside drugs, very low toxic, very long acting,  and very useful for prophylaxis. EFdA is now under clinical trialsby Merck &  Co. as MK-8591. In the beginning,  a general  idea for the development of anti-viral modified nucleosides is presented, and  next,  the development of  EFdA is discussed and then  the current results of the clinical trials reported by Merck will be presented.  For the design of the modified nucleoside which could solve the critical problems that  the clinical drugs have (emergence of drug-resistant HIV mutants,  adverse effect by drugs, necessity to take  consirerble amount of drugs), four working hypotheses were proposed .  They are (1) the way to prevent the emergence of drug-resistant HIV mutants, (2) the way to decrease the toxicity of modified nucleosides, (3) the way to provide the modified nucleoside with stability to both enzymatic and acidic glycolysis for long acting, and (4) it is possible to develop selectively active to HIV and very low toxic to human based on the difference of the substrate selectivity between HIV and human nucleic acid polymerses (cf; the general idea). 4’-C-substituted-2’-deoxy nucleoside (4’SdN) was designed based on the hypotheses (1 and 3), and the additional  modification of 4’SdN was performed  based on the hypothesis (2). The details of the all  hypotheses will be discussed. To prevent the deamination of adenine by adenosine deaminase, a fluorine atom was introduced at the 2-position of adenine. Finally, EFdA, modified at the two position (2 and 4’) of the physiologic 2’-deoxyadenosine and has  extremely excellent anti-HIV activity,  was  successfully developed.